Updated July 2026

Filing US Taxes as an International Student

Filing US taxes can feel overwhelming—but with the right tools, it's manageable. Here's everything you need to know about your tax obligations as an F-1 or J-1 student.

International student filing taxes
The Quick Answer
Most international students are considered "non-resident aliens" for tax purposes. This means you file a simpler return using Form 1040-NR and may qualify for tax treaty benefits.

Resident vs. Non-Resident Alien

Your tax status depends on how long you've been in the US and under what visa. This is the first step in your journey.

Most Students
Non-Resident Alien (NRA)
Most F-1 and J-1 students for their first 5 calendar years in the US.
Must file Form 1040-NR.
Only taxed on US-sourced income.
Resident Alien
Applies if you've been in the US 5+ years or meet the Substantial Presence Test.
Must file Form 1040 (standard US return).
Taxed on worldwide income like a US citizen.
Key Tax Forms
The four most important documents for international students.
W-2
Wage Statement
Received from your employer by January 31, showing earnings and withholdings.
1042-S
Scholarship/Treaty
Reports scholarships, fellowships, or income covered by tax treaties.
1040-NR
Tax Return
The primary tax return form for non-resident alien international students.
8843
Exempt Statement
Mandatory for all F-1/J-1 students, even if you earned zero income.

Recommended Tax Software

Do not use TurboTax or H&R Block for NRA returns.
Software Best For Cost Notes
Sprintax F-1/J-1 students ~$37–$41 Most widely used; guided step-by-step; handles 8843
Glacier Tax Prep If your school offers it ~$35 (or free) Check with your international office for a free license
TaxAct (1040-NR) Confident filers Free to paid More manual interface; specifically for NR returns
Tax Treaties

The US has tax treaties with many countries that may reduce or eliminate your tax. Common countries include China, India, and South Korea. Treaty benefits must be claimed using Form 8833.

Getting an ITIN

If you don't have an SSN, you'll need an ITIN. Apply using Form W-7 with your university's help. Processing takes 6–8 weeks, so start early.

Filing Deadlines

Jan
31
W-2 Issued
Forms received from employers
Mar
15
1042-S Issued
Forms received from university
Apr
15
Tax Deadline
Final day to file with income
Jun
15
Form 8843
Filed last if you had zero income

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I have to file if I earned no money?
Yes — you must still file Form 8843 as an F-1/J-1 student each year you're in the US, even with zero income. Failing to file can affect your visa status.
Can I get a refund?
Yes — many international students get refunds because their employer withheld too much. If you're from a treaty country (e.g. India, China, South Korea), you may be entitled to a larger refund via treaty benefits.
What if I'm on OPT or STEM OPT?
OPT and STEM OPT are still under F-1 status, so you're still an NRA for your first 5 years and must file Form 1040-NR. Note: you're exempt from FICA (Social Security & Medicare) taxes during OPT.

Get your personalized arrival plan

Arrive gives you step-by-step guidance tailored to your university, visa type, and home country — all in one free app.

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